Dandaweedman

F
F1 Generation- first filial generation, the offspring of two P1 (parent) plants
F2 Generation- second filial generation, resulting from a cross between two F1 plants
F1 hybrid- heterozygous first filial generation
Fertilization- the union of genetic material from the pollen (1n) with genetic material from the ovule (1n), restoring the dipliod condition (2n)
Fixed Trait- a homozygous trait
Floral Cluster- group of flowers


G

GA3- gibberellic acid
Gamete- haploid (1n) sex cell of the ovule or pollen, capable of initiating the formation of a new individual by combining with another gamete of the opposite sex
Ganja- Indian word for marijuana derived from pistillate floral clusters of Cannabis
Gene- element of the germ plasm controlling the transmission of a hereditary characteristic
Gene Interaction- the control of a trait by two or more genes
Gene Linkage- transfer of gene pairs for separate traits together in associated groups instead of assorting independently
Gene Pool- collection of possible gene combinations
Genotype- combination of genes present on chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell, which through environmental influences determines the outwardly observable phenotype
Germ Plasm- genetic material contained within seeds or pollen
Gibberellin- a class of plant growth hormone
Girdling- removing a strip of bark or crushing the stem of a plant to restrict the flow of water, nutrients, and plant products
Glandular Trichome- plant hair which has a secretory function
GLS- gas-liquid chromatography
Globoids- drops of oil or resin in the cytoplasm
Gootee- ancient Chinese air layering technique
Greenhouse- a structure which offers some environmental control to promote plant growth
Gross Morphology- general growth form of an organism
Gross Phenotype- composite phenotype of an organism


H
Haploid- condition, as in gametes, when each cell has one-half the usual number of chromosomes found in vegetative cells; abbreviated 1n (in Cannabis 1n=10)
Hardening-off slow adaptation of indoor or greenhouse plants to an outside environment
Hashish- a drug formed of resin heads of glandular trichomes shaken or rubbed from floral clusters, pressed together, and shaped
Heliotropic- sun-loving, turning toward the sun
Hemp- Cannabis fibers or fiber-producing type of Cannabis
Herbivory- feeding on plants by animals
Hermaphrodite- an individual from a dioecious strain of predominantly one sex which develops floral organs of the other sex
Heteroblastic- variously shaped
Heterozygous- the condition when the two genes for a trait are not the same on each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes; individuals heterozygous for a trait are indicated by an "Aa" or "aA" notation and are not true-breeding
Homologous Chromosomes- members of the same chromosome pair
Homologs- similarly structured chemical compounds
Homozygous- the condition existing when the genes for a trait are the same on both chromosomes of a homologous pair; individuals homozygous for a trait are indicated by "AA" or "aa" and are true-breeding
Hormone- plant hormones or growth substances are chemicals produced by the plants in very small quantities which control the growth and development of the plant five or more classes of hormones are recognized and they appear to interact in almost all phases of development
Hybrid- a heterozygous individual resulting from crossing two separate strains
Hybrid Vigor- increased vigor in the offspring resulting from the hybridization of two gene pools
Hybridization- process of mixing differing gene pools by crossing to produce offspring of combined parental characteristics
Hypocotyl- section of stem arising from the embryo below the cotyledons
Hypodermal Layer- middle layer of plant tissue


I
Incomplete Dominance- neither gene of a pair is dominant
Indexing- detecting of a virus carrier by grafting tissues or injecting vascular fluids into an uninfected clone
Inductive Photoperiod- daylength required to induce flowering
Inflorescence- group of flowers
Intrusive Growth- growth through a medium
Isodiametric- having equal diameters


K
Kif- Moroccan word for Hashish and Cannabis


L
Laticifer- secretory organ containing latex
Layerage- development of roots on a stem (layer) while it is still attached to and supported nutritionally by the parent plant
Leach- wash from the soil
Leafing- removal of leaves
Lignification- hardening of the stem by the formation of lignin, a tough polymer
Limbing- removal of lower limbs
Lipophilic- a chemical environment in which fat-like components are easily soluble
Lumina- inner cell spaces enclosed by the cell walls


M
Manicuring- removing leaves from floral clusters
Marijuana- Cannabis, originally a Spanish word
Megaspore- seed
Meiosis- reduction division of a diploid (2n) cell resulting in two haploid (1n) daughter cells as in pollen and ovule formation
Meristem- area of a cell division and growth, i.e., shoot tip, root tip, and cambium
Meristem Pruning- removal of shoot tip to limit height and promote branching
Methyl- a 1-carbon group
Micron- one-millionth of a meter
Microspore- pollen
Mil- one-thousandth of an inch
Mitosis- division of a diploid (2n) cell resulting in two diploid (2n) daughter cells as in normal vegetative growth
Monoecious- staminate and pistillate organs develop on the same plant
Monohybrid Cross- a hybrid cross for only one trait
Mutation- an inheritable change in a gene


N
Necrosis- death and discoloration of tissue
Nitrification- conversion by soil organisms of atmospheric nitrogen to a form which can be used by the plant
Nucellus- tissue within the ovule


O
Ontogeny- course of development
Organelles- structures within a single cell
Ovule- section of the female flower containing the haploid (1n) gamete which will form a seed upon fertilization


P
P1 Generation- first parental generation, the parents crossed to form F1 or F1-hybrid offspring
Parthenocarpy- the production of seeds without fertilization
Pathogen- an organism causing a specific disease
Pedicel- point of attachment of staminate or pistillate calyx
Pentyl- a 5-carbon group
Perianth- outer seed coat, displaying seed color and pattern
Pericarp- protective outer seed covering or shell
Periclinal- parallel to the surface
Perisperm- nutrient region of the seed
pH- a measurement of acidity-alkalinity : 1 is most acid, 14 is most alkaline, and 7 is neutral
Phenotype- outwardly measurable characteristics of an organism determined by the interaction of the individual genotype with the environment
Phloem- vascular tissue of the root, stem, and leaf through which water and biosynthetic plant products such as sugars, carbohydrates, and growth substances are translocated
Photoperiod- lighted portion of daily light cycle
Photosynthates- products of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis- formation of carbohydrates by green plants from sunlight, CO2, and H2O
Phyllotaxy- the pattern of growth and form of leaves along a stem
Phytotron- an indoor area with extensive environmental controls for the experimental growth of plants
Pistil- paired female organs for pollen reception made up of a fused stigma and style
Pistillate- female
Plasmodesmata- pores in the cell walls between adjoining cells
Pollination- pollen from a stamen landing on the pistil of a flower
Polyembryony- the presence of more than one embryo in an ovule
Polyhybrid Cross- a hybrid cross for more than one trait
Polymerization- linking of small molecules together into a chain or network
Polymorphous- variously shaped
Polypliod- the condition of multiple sets of chromosomes within one cell (e.g., 3n or 4n)
Primordia- tiny shoots (usually floral) which first appear behind the stipules along the main stalk and limbs
Propyl- a 3-carbon group
Protectant- a long-term treatment to kill disease organisms present in the soil around the seed or plant
Protoplast- cell contents
Pruning- removal of living tissues such as meristems or small limbs from plants
Psychoactive- affecting the consciousness or psyche
Purebred- a homozygous individual resulting from the inbreeding of a strain

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