i think this is fundamentally a paradox of language.
when we envision a ship we think of it as a whole ship, which includes all components. changing one of the components doesnt make it an entirely different object, so we still think of it as the same ship. if we change all of the components its still a ship in name, but different in its composition.
i think yes, its still a ship or human or w/e. although the debate over replacing human components would likely introduce many many more ideas about living things and what defines particular living things.
cool idea, its got my brain going