Study Shows Cannabis use Raises Psychosis Risk'

OldMan&TheWeed · 03-01-2011, 09:31 PM

1 March 2011

Cannabis use 'raises psychosis risk' - study

Using cannabis as a teenager or young adult increases the risk of psychosis, a report suggests.

The study published in the British Medical Journal involved tracking 1,900 people over a period of 10 years.

Although the link between cannabis and psychosis is well-established, it had been unclear whether cannabis triggers the disorder.

This research strongly suggests that cannabis use comes first, rather than people taking it for their symptoms.

The research was led by Professor Jim van Os from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, and included researchers from the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and the UK.

They excluded anyone who reported cannabis use or pre-existing psychotic symptoms at the start of the study, which took place in Germany.

The participants in the study, aged between 14 and 24, were assessed for cannabis use and psychotic symptoms at three points over a ten-year period.

It found that cannabis use "significantly" increased the risk of psychotic symptoms, even when other factors such as socio-economic status, use of different drugs and other psychiatric conditions were taken into account.

Three years ago the Labour government restored cannabis to Class B - against the advice of its own drug advisers who said cannabis played only a "modest" role in the development of psychotic illnesses.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12616543

Xil · 03-01-2011, 09:34 PM

i'll take the risk.

wellfleation · 03-01-2011, 09:44 PM

Count me in. I began smoking when I was 12 and regularly since I was 15. Diary of a Madman I tell you.

The Rev · 03-01-2011, 11:57 PM

I'm sure that any perception altering substance has the potential to trigger a break from reality in those who are prone to them.

The Rev

zerodown · 03-03-2011, 06:50 AM

A lot of shit can happen in 10 years that could lead someone to a psychosis breakdown.

Just because they smoked weed for 10 years doesn't prove anything, I bet they all had water every day of the 10 years, maybe it was the water.

DdC · 03-03-2011, 11:32 AM

“Marihuana” is a very dangerous drug and even small amounts can cause hysteria, bed wetting and strokes among members of drug free America cults. If legalized their heads could potentially explode.

Drug War Lies Linked to Schizophrenia

Quote:

"There's a lot of bamboozling going on here."
Valerie Corral,
founder of the Wo/Men's Alliance for Medical Marijuana.

Is The DEA Legalizing THC?

Quote:

"All propaganda must be so popular and on such an intellectual level, that even the most stupid of those towards whom it is directed will understand it. Therefore, the intellectual level of the propaganda must be lower the larger the number of people who are to be influenced by it."

"Through clever and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way around, to consider the most wretched sort of life as paradise.
From Benito Mussolini
contributing to the "London Sunday Express," December 8, 1935

**SageTree** · 03-03-2011, 11:45 AM

So who doesn't know lots of 'straight'.... 'normal' folk like this....

....or just drink through out their life?

Psychosis and Symptoms:

Quote:

Signs and symptoms

Quote:

People with psychosis may have one or more of the following: hallucinations, delusions, or a thought disorder, as described below.

Hallucinations

A hallucination is defined as sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli. Hallucinations are different from illusions, or perceptual distortions, which are the misperception of external stimuli. Hallucinations may occur in any of the five senses and take on almost any form, which may include simple sensations (such as lights, colors, tastes, and smells) to more meaningful experiences such as seeing and interacting with fully formed animals and people, hearing voices, and having complex tactile sensations.

Auditory hallucinations, particularly experiences of hearing voices, are a common and often prominent feature of psychosis. Hallucinated voices may talk about, or to, the person, and may involve several speakers with distinct personas. Auditory hallucinations tend to be particularly distressing when they are derogatory, commanding or preoccupying. However, the experience of hearing voices need not always be a negative one. One research study has shown that the majority of people who hear voices are not in need of psychiatric help. The Hearing Voices Movement has subsequently been created to support voice hearers, regardless of whether they are considered to have a mental illness or not.

Delusions

Psychosis may involve delusional beliefs, some of which are paranoid in nature. Karl Jaspers has classified psychotic delusions into primary and secondary types. Primary delusions are defined as arising suddenly and not being comprehensible in terms of normal mental processes, whereas secondary delusions may be understood as being influenced by the person's background or current situation (e.g., ethnic or sexual orientation, religious beliefs, superstitious belief).

Thought disorder

Thought disorder describes an underlying disturbance to conscious thought and is classified largely by its effects on speech and writing. Affected persons show loosening of associations, that is, a disconnection and disorganization of the semantic content of speech and writing. In the severe form speech becomes incomprehensible and it is known as "word-salad".

There is also a shit load of research out there that links THC to benefits like neural-plasticity, neural genesis and most recently, that it fights tumors in the head....

Something is going to kill you... or make you loose your mind....

Drugs, 2012, Pat Robertson....

There is LOTS of stuff that'll drive you bat shit crazy one way or another

I appreciate the article though.... headline science is funny.

So called "Peer Journals" that folks publish themselves....

Who knows what to believe

**SageTree** · 03-03-2011, 11:45 AM

So who doesn't know lots of 'straight'.... 'normal' folk like this....

....or just drink through out their life?

Psychosis and Symptoms:

Quote:

Signs and symptoms

Quote:

People with psychosis may have one or more of the following: hallucinations, delusions, or a thought disorder, as described below.

Hallucinations

A hallucination is defined as sensory perception in the absence of external stimuli. Hallucinations are different from illusions, or perceptual distortions, which are the misperception of external stimuli. Hallucinations may occur in any of the five senses and take on almost any form, which may include simple sensations (such as lights, colors, tastes, and smells) to more meaningful experiences such as seeing and interacting with fully formed animals and people, hearing voices, and having complex tactile sensations.

Auditory hallucinations, particularly experiences of hearing voices, are a common and often prominent feature of psychosis. Hallucinated voices may talk about, or to, the person, and may involve several speakers with distinct personas. Auditory hallucinations tend to be particularly distressing when they are derogatory, commanding or preoccupying. However, the experience of hearing voices need not always be a negative one. One research study has shown that the majority of people who hear voices are not in need of psychiatric help. The Hearing Voices Movement has subsequently been created to support voice hearers, regardless of whether they are considered to have a mental illness or not.

Delusions

Psychosis may involve delusional beliefs, some of which are paranoid in nature. Karl Jaspers has classified psychotic delusions into primary and secondary types. Primary delusions are defined as arising suddenly and not being comprehensible in terms of normal mental processes, whereas secondary delusions may be understood as being influenced by the person's background or current situation (e.g., ethnic or sexual orientation, religious beliefs, superstitious belief).

Thought disorder

Thought disorder describes an underlying disturbance to conscious thought and is classified largely by its effects on speech and writing. Affected persons show loosening of associations, that is, a disconnection and disorganization of the semantic content of speech and writing. In the severe form speech becomes incomprehensible and it is known as "word-salad".

There is also a shit load of research out there that links THC to benefits like neural-plasticity, neural genesis and most recently, that it fights tumors in the head....

Something is going to kill you... or make you loose your mind....

Drugs, 2012, Pat Robertson....

There is LOTS of stuff that'll drive you bat shit crazy one way or another

I appreciate the article though.... headline science is funny.

So called "Peer Journals" that folks publish themselves....

Who knows what to believe

**SageTree** · 03-03-2011, 11:47 AM

I monitor how my body feels...
I listen to it....
It tells me that some Cannabis helps me out greatly...
I don't stress out about nothing, that'll end me up with an auto-immune disorder for instance.

DdC · 03-03-2011, 12:53 PM

The Scythians were a barbaric group of pre-Common Era nomadic tribes who are a fascinating example of an ancient cannabis using group. The Scythians played a very important part in the Ancient World from the seventh to first century BC. They were expert horsemen, and were one of the earliest peoples to master the art of riding and using horse-drawn covered wagons. This early high mobility is probably why most scholars credit them with the spread of cannabis knowledge throughout the ancient world. Indeed, the Scythian people travelled and settled extensively throughout Europe, the Mediterranean, Central Asia, and Russia, bringing their knowledge of the spiritual and practical uses for cannabis with them.

Thousands of years of use. No psychosis except in drug worriers freaked out that someone might take their profits growing home grown.

Dr. Heath/Tulane Study, 1974

The Hype: Brain Damage and Dead Monkeys

Quote:

In 1974, California Governor Ronald Reagan was asked about decriminalizing marijuana. After producing the Heath/Tulane University study, the so-called "Great Communicator" proclaimed, "The most reliable scientific sources say permanent brain damage is one of the inevitable results of the use of marijuana." (L.A. Times)

The Facts: Suffocation of Research Animals
As reported in Playboy, the Heath "Voodoo" Research methodology involved strapping Rhesus monkeys into a chair and pumping them with equivalent of 63 Colombian strength joints in "five minutes, through gas masks," losing no smoke.

The monkeys were suffocating! Three to five minutes of oxygen deprivation causes brain damage "dead brain cells." (Red Cross Lifesaving and Water Safety Manual) With the concentration of smoke used, the monkeys were a bit like a person running the engine of a car in a locked garage for 5, 10, 15 minutes at a time every day! The Heath Monkey study was actually a study in animal asphyxiation and carbon monoxide poisoning.

Now, in 1999, 17 years have passed and not a single word of Dr. Heath's or Dr. Nahas' research has been verified! But their studies are still hauled out by the Partnership for a Drug Free America, the Drug Enforcement Administration, city and state narcotics bureaus, plus politicians and, in virtually all public instances, held up as scientific proof of the dangers of marijuana.

zerodown · 03-03-2011, 06:17 PM

The only way in which cannabis could help you go crazy is because cannabis will make you reflect about society and life and you will sooner or later realize how shitty everything is and might go crazy. But even so, you'll go crazy because of this fucked up society, not because of mother earth's finest.

OldMan&TheWeed · 03-03-2011, 08:36 PM

I showed this article to my teen-aged kids as a warning against excess.

I don't believe that a bowl once every week or two does any harm anymore than a beer every few weeks would. But I accept it as possible that daily pot smoking (especially among younger people with developing brains) could lead to mental health issues in some people.

Everything in moderation.

stoneric · 03-04-2011, 01:31 PM

Moderation is relative. I consider a bowl once a week or two to be abstaining.

Waves · 03-04-2011, 01:38 PM

teens and young adults should not be smoking, it should be 18 or 21 like alcohol

thanks again, drug war

(i say this as someone who started smoking too young myself- about 15. not that it causes psychosis its just your brain is still developing and getting used to our daily reality that adults inhabit)

SmokeaJoint · 03-05-2011, 12:10 AM

Quote:

A 2008 study published in the British Journal of Psychiatry showed significant differences in Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences scores between three groups: The first consisted of non-cannabis users, the second consisted of users with Δ9-THC detected, and the third consisted of users with both Δ9-THC and CBD detected. The Δ9-THC only group score showed higher levels of positive schizophrenia-like symptoms and higher levels of delusions than the Δ9-THC and CBD group, whereas the Δ9-THC and CBD group had significantly lower introvertive anhedonia scores than the Δ9-THC only group and non-cannabis user group. This research indicates that CBD acts as an anti-psychotic and may counteract the potential effects of THC on individuals with latent schizophrenia.

Such conflicting evidence

What that means to me is Smoke more Indica. If memory serves, indicas are generally higher in CBDs than Sativas.

Xil · 03-05-2011, 01:05 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Waves

teens and young adults should not be smoking, it should be 18 or 21 like alcohol

thanks again, drug war

(i say this as someone who started smoking too young myself- about 15. not that it causes psychosis its just your brain is still developing and getting used to our daily reality that adults inhabit)

been smoking pot since i was 15 too and havnt regretted it for an instance

wish i had approached other drugs with more respect though.

stoneric · 03-05-2011, 06:58 AM

So where did they find the 14 year olds for this study? Did they put an ad in the local newspaper asking for children who planned to be smoking pot for the next ten years? Did the children need permission slips from mom and dad to participate? The whole study sounds like bullshit.

wellfleation · 03-05-2011, 06:53 PM

It weird how for a few years leading up to decrim in many states there were MANY articles about the fruits of mj use. Now that some states have decrim and others legalized it for medical use there are suddenly article after article about how bad the mj is. I sense some who do not want to see mj legal (e.g. corporations) are getting scared, and hence, are producing propaganda.

Or maybe I am suffering from some sort of paranoid psychosis due to my mj use.

wellfleation · 03-05-2011, 07:00 PM

Quote:

"It offers more evidence that cannabis use is a risk factor for psychosis and recommends a cautious and thoughtful approach to cannabis legislation."

Oh, there it is!

zerodown · 03-07-2011, 07:28 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by Xil

been smoking pot since i was 15 too and havnt regretted it for an instance

wish i had approached other drugs with more respect though.

My dad was a heroine addict.

I smoke weed regularly, and rarely a friend has brought shrooms, but I will never even try cocaine, meth, heroine, crack or anything related. I've seen in first person what that shit does to you and your loved ones. An addiction is apretty serious thing. I don't even smoke cigarrets.

My dad now lives with his mother, he is unemployed and IMO pretty fucked up once my grandma dies, he is just unaware of reality anymore. But hes not crazy, its weird.

03-01-2011, 09:31 PM	#1 (permalink)
OldMan&TheWeed been there done that Join Date: May 2006 Location: The West Posts: 2,281 Thanks: 294 Thanked 800 Times in 406 Posts	Study Shows Cannabis use Raises Psychosis Risk' 1 March 2011 Cannabis use 'raises psychosis risk' - study Using cannabis as a teenager or young adult increases the risk of psychosis, a report suggests. The study published in the British Medical Journal involved tracking 1,900 people over a period of 10 years. Although the link between cannabis and psychosis is well-established, it had been unclear whether cannabis triggers the disorder. This research strongly suggests that cannabis use comes first, rather than people taking it for their symptoms. The research was led by Professor Jim van Os from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, and included researchers from the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and the UK. They excluded anyone who reported cannabis use or pre-existing psychotic symptoms at the start of the study, which took place in Germany. The participants in the study, aged between 14 and 24, were assessed for cannabis use and psychotic symptoms at three points over a ten-year period. It found that cannabis use "significantly" increased the risk of psychotic symptoms, even when other factors such as socio-economic status, use of different drugs and other psychiatric conditions were taken into account. Three years ago the Labour government restored cannabis to Class B - against the advice of its own drug advisers who said cannabis played only a "modest" role in the development of psychotic illnesses. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12616543 __________________ Nintey-three percent of what I say is brilliant, factual information and seven percent is complete bullshit. Have fun deciding which is which.

03-01-2011, 09:34 PM	#2 (permalink)
Xil OD'ing on sobriety Join Date: Mar 2006 Location: Mizzura Posts: 3,334 Blog Entries: 1 Thanks: 1,037 Thanked 1,158 Times in 717 Posts	i'll take the risk. __________________ "we'll show these fascists what a couple of hillbillies can do"

03-01-2011, 09:44 PM	#3 (permalink)
wellfleation Old School Join Date: Sep 2003 Location: Methuen, MASSHOLE Posts: 3,854 Thanks: 196 Thanked 601 Times in 427 Posts	Count me in. I began smoking when I was 12 and regularly since I was 15. Diary of a Madman I tell you. __________________ FIGHTPOWER

03-01-2011, 11:57 PM	#4 (permalink)
The Rev Clear Light Join Date: Oct 2002 Location: In my head, somewhere. Posts: 17,867 Thanks: 5,019 Thanked 5,421 Times in 2,865 Posts	I'm sure that any perception altering substance has the potential to trigger a break from reality in those who are prone to them. The Rev __________________ Budforce - My Friend August 29, 1973- May 25, 2012

03-03-2011, 06:50 AM	#5 (permalink)
zerodown Mafutero Join Date: Apr 2009 Location: PR Posts: 782 Thanks: 41 Thanked 169 Times in 131 Posts	A lot of shit can happen in 10 years that could lead someone to a psychosis breakdown. Just because they smoked weed for 10 years doesn't prove anything, I bet they all had water every day of the 10 years, maybe it was the water. __________________ "I've seen people so poor all they got is money." We have to learn to unlearn Its not contradiction, its amendment Not everything we see is reality Not everything we hear is the truth Not everything we're taught helps us grow ~Cultura Profetica "La locura se lleva en la cabeza y las drogas en los bolsillos" ~Roberto Iniesta

03-03-2011, 11:47 AM	#9 (permalink)
SageTree ~Kalyāṇa-mitrā~ Join Date: Sep 2000 Location: In Love Posts: 23,414 Blog Entries: 26 Thanks: 13,070 Thanked 6,769 Times in 4,664 Posts	I monitor how my body feels... I listen to it.... It tells me that some Cannabis helps me out greatly... I don't stress out about nothing, that'll end me up with an auto-immune disorder for instance. __________________ "What's oppressive is letting your life be confined by old definitions of what everything is." -Zen Meister my_scatterheart YaHooka is.... Cannabis lovers from around the world pulling up a comfy chair, picking up a vaporizer, a bong, a brownie, a pipe, or a joint, getting high, stoned, buzzed or healthy. Uniting our minds in conversation...While Portraying a Positive Image of marijuana and marijuana users to the world. Treat your fellow YaHookans with kindness,respect and tolerance.

03-03-2011, 06:17 PM	#11 (permalink)
zerodown Mafutero Join Date: Apr 2009 Location: PR Posts: 782 Thanks: 41 Thanked 169 Times in 131 Posts	The only way in which cannabis could help you go crazy is because cannabis will make you reflect about society and life and you will sooner or later realize how shitty everything is and might go crazy. But even so, you'll go crazy because of this fucked up society, not because of mother earth's finest. __________________ "I've seen people so poor all they got is money." We have to learn to unlearn Its not contradiction, its amendment Not everything we see is reality Not everything we hear is the truth Not everything we're taught helps us grow ~Cultura Profetica "La locura se lleva en la cabeza y las drogas en los bolsillos" ~Roberto Iniesta

03-03-2011, 08:36 PM	#12 (permalink)
OldMan&TheWeed been there done that Join Date: May 2006 Location: The West Posts: 2,281 Thanks: 294 Thanked 800 Times in 406 Posts	I showed this article to my teen-aged kids as a warning against excess. I don't believe that a bowl once every week or two does any harm anymore than a beer every few weeks would. But I accept it as possible that daily pot smoking (especially among younger people with developing brains) could lead to mental health issues in some people. Everything in moderation. __________________ Nintey-three percent of what I say is brilliant, factual information and seven percent is complete bullshit. Have fun deciding which is which. Last edited by OldMan&TheWeed; 03-03-2011 at 11:15 PM.

03-04-2011, 01:31 PM	#13 (permalink)
stoneric bougeman Join Date: Aug 2004 Posts: 5,646 Thanks: 704 Thanked 1,512 Times in 1,067 Posts	Moderation is relative. I consider a bowl once a week or two to be abstaining.

03-04-2011, 01:38 PM	#14 (permalink)
Waves Duderino Join Date: Apr 2005 Location: chiburbs Posts: 15,405 Thanks: 991 Thanked 4,036 Times in 2,224 Posts	teens and young adults should not be smoking, it should be 18 or 21 like alcohol thanks again, drug war (i say this as someone who started smoking too young myself- about 15. not that it causes psychosis its just your brain is still developing and getting used to our daily reality that adults inhabit) __________________ On this life that we call home The years go fast and the days go so slow

03-05-2011, 06:58 AM	#17 (permalink)
stoneric bougeman Join Date: Aug 2004 Posts: 5,646 Thanks: 704 Thanked 1,512 Times in 1,067 Posts	So where did they find the 14 year olds for this study? Did they put an ad in the local newspaper asking for children who planned to be smoking pot for the next ten years? Did the children need permission slips from mom and dad to participate? The whole study sounds like bullshit.

03-05-2011, 06:53 PM	#18 (permalink)
wellfleation Old School Join Date: Sep 2003 Location: Methuen, MASSHOLE Posts: 3,854 Thanks: 196 Thanked 601 Times in 427 Posts	It weird how for a few years leading up to decrim in many states there were MANY articles about the fruits of mj use. Now that some states have decrim and others legalized it for medical use there are suddenly article after article about how bad the mj is. I sense some who do not want to see mj legal (e.g. corporations) are getting scared, and hence, are producing propaganda. Or maybe I am suffering from some sort of paranoid psychosis due to my mj use. __________________ FIGHTPOWER

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